Daniel Rosenfeld

During the last decade I developed and validated hypotheses with respect to cloud aerosol interactions impacts on cloud microstructure and precipitation. I did this by a combination of aircraft in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing and model simulations. The aircraft campaigns took place in both deep tropical clouds in India and the Amazon and mid-latitude winter storms in California and Israel. This was generalized by satellite retrievals and finally integrated by model simulations that I mentored for testing my hypotheses. Part of the major outcomes, which make this proposal feasible, are listed here. The numbers in brackets refer to the publication numbers, below: • Showed and explained why cloud base drop concentration (Ndb) determines to a large extend the vertical profile of cloud drop effective radius (re) and height for rain initiation • Showed that glaciation temperature in convective clouds depend strongly on re and thus on Ndb • Showed that aerosols control of rain in marine stratocumulus (MSc) dominates their cloud cover • Developed the hypothesis of aerosol cloud invigoration and electrification through mixed phase . • Showed the mechanism of aerosol cloud invigoration through affecting warm rain processes • Showed that aerosol invigoration of peripheral rainbands of hurricanes weaken their max winds • Conceived ways to satellite retrieved cloud base updrafts in convective and MSc clouds • Conceived a way to satellite retrieval of cloud base supersaturation and CCN